We study the long-run growth outcomes of the diverse group of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries and argue that to achieve high sustained growth, the standard growth recipe is not sufficient. This recipe largely fails to tackle pervasive market failures such as coordination failures and information asymmetries, stifling export diversification, innovation, and growth. We argue for the adoption of a National Diversification System, akin to a National Innovation System, built around three key themes: how to select sectors and which economic activities to focus on; the approach to selecting the tools for firm support and accountability; and the adequate institutional setup to drive the implementation effort.